Border Terrier
Also known as: Border, BT
A scruffy, otter-headed working terrier — tough, game and good-natured.
- Good-natured
- Affectionate
- Tough
- Energetic
- Game
The Border Terrier was bred on the border between England and Scotland to run with hounds and bolt foxes. Borders are among the most good-natured of the terriers: affectionate, adaptable and generally friendly with other dogs, while still having the stamina and prey drive of a working dog. They are a popular choice for active families who want a small, sturdy, low-fuss dog.
At a glance
- Origin
- England / Scotland border
- Breed group
- Terrier
- Size
- Small
- Weight
- 11–15 lb (5–7 kg)
- Height
- 9.8–11 in (25–28 cm)
- Lifespan
- 12–15 years
- Coat
- Harsh, dense wiry outer coat with soft undercoat
- Colours
- Red, Wheaten, Grizzle & Tan, Blue & Tan
- Average cost
- $70–$130 / month
Breed ratings
Rated 1–5 on the same scale as every other entry, so scores are comparable between breeds. Amber stars mark things that cost you effort rather than things that benefit you.
Temperament
Borders are friendly, adaptable and usually good with other dogs. They retain a strong hunting instinct toward small animals.
Care & upkeep
Exercise
An hour or more daily. Strong prey drive and a talent for escaping — check your fencing.
Grooming
Brush weekly and hand-strip twice a year, or clip for convenience.
Training
More biddable than most terriers. Focus on recall and impulse control around wildlife.
Feeding & diet
- Typical diet
- Quality small-breed diet
- Daily amount
- 120–200 g of dry food
- Meals per day
- 2 meals a day
Keen eaters prone to weight gain. Measure portions and use the ration for training.
Foods to avoid
- Chocolate
- Grapes and raisins
- Onion and garlic
- Xylitol
- Cooked bones
Who this breed suits
A good match for
- Active families
- First-time terrier owners
- Walkers and hikers
- Homes with secure gardens
Probably not for
- Homes with small pets
- Owners wanting a sedentary dog
- Gardens with weak fencing
Common health problems
This section describes conditions the breed is known to be predisposed to, so you know what to ask about. It is not veterinary advice and is not a diagnosis — always speak to a vet about your own animal.
- Canine epileptoid cramping syndromeAlso called Spike's disease — episodes of cramping and unsteadiness; some dogs improve on a gluten-free diet under veterinary guidance.
- Hip dysplasiaScreened by responsible breeders.
- Heart conditionsOccasional congenital heart defects are reported.
- Juvenile cataractsAsk breeders about eye screening.
A hardy, long-lived terrier. Know the signs of cramping episodes and discuss any with your vet.
Interesting facts
- Bred to keep up with horses and hounds on long hunts.
- The head is often described as otter-like.
- Borders are consistently among the most popular terriers in the UK.
Diet & Feeding
Feed around 120–200 g of quality small-breed food daily across two meals, adjusted to activity. Borders are enthusiastic eaters and will gain weight if overfed. Keep them lean and use part of the daily ration for training.
Exercise Needs
Borders need an hour or more daily. They have real stamina and enjoy long walks, agility, canicross and scent work. Prey drive is strong — cats, rabbits and squirrels may be chased — so secure areas are needed for off-lead time. They are also escape artists; check garden fencing.
Grooming
The wiry coat is low-maintenance: brush weekly and hand-strip twice a year to keep the texture. Clipping softens the coat but is practical. Bathe rarely. Trim nails every three weeks and check ears weekly.
Health & Vet Care
A generally healthy breed. The breed-specific condition is canine epileptoid cramping syndrome (Spike's disease), which causes episodes of cramping and unsteadiness, sometimes linked to diet. Also watch for hip dysplasia, heart conditions and juvenile cataracts. Ask breeders about family history.
Training Tips
Borders are intelligent and more biddable than many terriers. Reward-based training works well. Recall needs dedicated work because of prey drive. Socialise with cats early if you have them, and supervise around small pets.
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